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1. Roots in the Sunday School movement
2. Roots in the Federation of Churches movement
3. 1933 merger
This page:4. Development of conciliar theory and a vision of Christian unity
Next page:5. Social action in the 1960s
6. Protestant - Roman Catholic relations
7. Social action in the 1970s
8. Development of theological dialogue
9. Social action in the 1980s and 1990s
10. Protestant - Orthodox relations
11. Our shared journey

4. Development of conciliar theory and a vision of Christian unity

I ask not only on behalf of these, but also on behalf of those who will believe in me through their word, that they may all be one. As you, Father, are in me and I am in you, may they also be in us, so that the world may believe that you have sent me. The glory that you have given me I have given them, so that they may be one, as we are one, I in them and you in me, that they may become completely one, so that the world may know that you have sent me and have loved them even as you have loved me. (John 17:20-23)
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Prior to the merger in 1933, neither predecessor organization had much theological concern for Christian unity. Rather, Christian unity seems to have been desirable as a means to a practical end, or as a byproduct, the result of common activity.

Frank Jennings was personally influenced by the two international ecumenical conferences of 1937 — Life & Work in Oxford, and Faith & Order in Edinburgh. He used his report to the Annual Meeting that year to bring the Edinburgh mandate home:

“We desire that this Conference should summon members of the Churches to such penitence that not only their leaders, but the ordinary men and women who hear their message, may learn that the cause of Christ’s unity is implicit in God’s word, and should be treated by the Christian conscience as an urgent call from God.”
In subsequent years, annual meetings featured regular presentations on Christian unity as a theological imperative. The Council actively promoted national and global ecumenism. Forrest L. Knapp, General Secretary from 1953 to 1969, continued to nurture this emphasis.

In the 1970s, after much self-searching, the churches expressed their purposes and goals for the Council in a landmark paper entitled Odyssey Toward Unity. The context for this project was described in these prophetic words:

“The ecumenical movement has serious problems; it is in a state of crisis. In other words, we stand at a decisive juncture, a crucial moment, at which decisions and commitments made today will determine the progress or regression of ecumenical relations for decades to come!”

Odyssey was indeed a watershed for the Council. Published in 1977, just two years into James Nash’s term as executive, it continues to guide the Council 25 years later, as well as to be widely used beyond Massachusetts.

“Ecumenical commitment is not an occasional option for the Christian; it is a perennial obligation. Ecumenism rests on the firm foundation of the Gospel of reconciliation.”


Odyssey
managed to balance unity and action, drawing on the global ecumenical conversation of the day with considerable depth of understanding. It took the national and international developments in conciliar theory and made them accessible to the average reader.

“The vision of the one church as a conciliar fellowship of churches in full communion with one another adds significantly to the awesome task of councils of churches. It is a call and a judgment.”

In 1990, Orthodox, Protestant and Roman Catholic representatives took the ideas in Odyssey and applied them to the practical questions of local church life. They answered the question: “Ecumenical Accountability: What are our responsibilities to and for each other?”

In 2000, the Board undertook a complete revision of the Constitution. Our current purpose statement reads:

“The Massachusetts Council of Churches is a fellowship of churches which seeks to respond to the love of God the Father as revealed in scripture, confesses Jesus Christ as Lord and Savior, and relies upon the power of the Holy Spirit. These churches and other members covenant with one another to engage in common mission and seek to manifest ever more fully the work of reconciliation, renewal and unity in the faith.”

For the witness of the churches together in commitment to visible Christian unity and to Councils of Churches as instruments of unity,
we give you thanks, O Lord

hymn: Thank we God for sisters, brothers

Next page:5. Social action in the 1960s
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